You might look here...
wiki.linuxcnc.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Coordi...t_what_should_you_do
and
wiki.linuxcnc.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?CoordinateSystems
As to the first question...
If I understand you what you are looking to do is set the coordinates for your work piece, just as John stated.
So in that case home your machine then jog to the start position of your work and "touch off" your x y z axis there.
All your g code will consider that location to be x0y0z0 as will your screen.
You could then jog to a new location and touch off there.
If your machine home position was originally x0 y0 before you touched off
G53 G0 X0Y0 will still bring you back to that original location.
Rick G